{"id":10309,"date":"2021-06-28T21:26:52","date_gmt":"2021-06-29T04:26:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/andylee.pro\/wp\/?p=10309"},"modified":"2021-06-28T22:19:15","modified_gmt":"2021-06-29T05:19:15","slug":"%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%b8%e7%9a%84%e7%9b%b2%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/andylee.pro\/wp\/?p=10309","title":{"rendered":"\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u76f2\u9ede"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u5beb\u904e\u4e00\u7bc7\u300c<a href=\"http:\/\/andylee.pro\/wp\/?p=39\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"http:\/\/andylee.pro\/wp\/?p=39\">\u4e2d\u91ab\u8207\u79d1\u5b78<\/a>\u300d\uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/andylee.pro\/wp\/?p=39\">http:\/\/andylee.pro\/wp\/?p=39<\/a>\uff09\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u88ab\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u9999\u6e2f\u6717\u6587\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u6536\u9304\u5728\u5176\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300c\u65b0\u9ad8\u4e2d\u7d9c\u5408\u4e2d\u570b\u8a9e\u6587\uff1a\u79d1\u666e\u4f5c\u54c1\u9078\u8b80\u300d\uff08<a href=\"http:\/\/andylee.pro\/wp\/?p=3214\">http:\/\/andylee.pro\/wp\/?p=3214<\/a>\uff09\u3002\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u300d\u662f\u300c\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u3001\u63d0\u51fa\u5047\u8aaa\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3001\u4f9d\u7167\u5047\u8aaa\u4f86\u9810\u6e2c\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3001\u518d\u5ea6\u89c0\u5bdf\u4f86\u8b49\u5be6\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9810\u6e2c\u300d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5047\u8aaa\u7981\u5f97\u8d77\u9577\u6642\u9593\u7684\u8003\u9a57\u800c\u4e0d\u51fa\u932f\uff0c\u9019\u5047\u8aaa\u5c31\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u5047\u8aaa\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6b64\u5b9a\u5f8b\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u518d\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u5176\u5b83\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u5f80\u4e0a\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u800c\u80fd\u89e3\u91cb\u53ca\u6539\u8b8a\u5404\u7a2e\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6210\u7232\u4e86\u4e00\u9580\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300cLogical Empiricism\uff08\u908f\u8f2f\u5be6\u8b49\u8ad6\uff09\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u7684\u5171\u8b58\uff0c\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u9020\u5c31\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u908f\u8f2f\u5be6\u8b49\u8ad6\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\uff0c\u6709\u5176\u6839\u672c\u7684\u76f2\u9ede\uff0c\u65e9\u57281960\u5e74\u4ee3\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b78\u5bb6\u7b49\u90fd\u8a8d\u77e5\u5230\u554f\u984c\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u4e26\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u570b\u969b\u5927\u578b\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4f86\u8a66\u5716\u89e3\u6c7a\u3002\u5f88\u53ef\u60dc\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u90a3\u9ebd\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u53ca\u53cd\u7701\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u9084\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u627e\u5230\u826f\u597d\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u539f\u6709\u7684\u76f2\u9ede\u5185\u6253\u8f49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u908f\u8f2f\u5be6\u8b49\u8ad6\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1f\u6700\u5e38\u88ab\u5927\u5bb6\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u6709\u5e7e\u9805\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff081\uff09\u300cConfirmation vs. falsification\u300d\uff0c\u5728\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u5f9e\u89c0\u5bdf\u4f86\u6b63\u9762\u63a8\u8ad6\u4e00\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u6b63\u78ba\u6027\uff08confirmation\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5f9e\u53cd\u9762\u4f86\u5426\u5b9a\u4e00\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\uff08falsification\uff09\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u70ba\u5929\u9d5d\u90fd\u662f\u767d\u8272\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u89c0\u5bdf\u4e00\u767e\u96bb\u3001\u4e00\u5343\u96bb\u3001\u4e00\u842c\u96bb\u5929\u9d5d\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u662f\u767d\u8272\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u80af\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e00\u5929\u6703\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u96bb\u9ed1\u5929\u9d5d\u5192\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u8aac\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u5047\u8a2d\u5929\u9d5d\u90fd\u662f\u767d\u8272\u7684\uff0c\u537b\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u4e00\u96bb\u9ed1\u5929\u9d5d\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u662f\u932f\u7684\u3002\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u7232\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u90a3\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u504f\u898b\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u6211\u5011\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u5340\u770b\u5230\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5929\u9d5d\u90fd\u662f\u767d\u8272\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u63db\u5230\u9059\u9060\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u624d\u767c\u73fe\u90a3\u88e1\u7684\u5929\u9d5d\u90fd\u662f\u9ed1\u8272\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u90a3\u88e1\u7684\u5929\u9d5d\u6578\u91cf\u9060\u9060\u5927\u904e\u539f\u672c\u5730\u5340\u7684\u5929\u9d5d\u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebd\u6211\u5011\u539f\u672c\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u500b\u8aa4\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5be6\u8b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff082\uff09\u300cObservation is theory laden\u300d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7528\u4f86\u8b49\u5be6\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u6211\u5011\u539f\u672c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u671f\u5f85\u7b49\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u771f\u7684\u5ba2\u89c0\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5f80\u5f80\u5c0b\u627e\u53ca\u770b\u5230\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u8981\u770b\u5230\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u4e0a\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u96fb\u5b50\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u89c0\u5bdf\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e7e\u4e4e\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u5e36\u96fb\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u5075\u6e2c\uff0c\u800c\u7531\u9019\u4e9b\u89c0\u5bdf\u6240\u63a8\u5c0e\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u76f8\u95dc\u7406\u8ad6\u4e5f\u5c31\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u7c92\u5b50\u884c\u70ba\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ee5\u5075\u6e2c\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u9a57\u8b49\u63a8\u5c0e\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u9019\u7576\u7136\u662f\u81ea\u5713\u5176\u8aaa\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5f8c\u4f86\u767c\u73fe\u96fb\u5b50\u6709\u6ce2\u52d5\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u624d\u9a5a\u9192\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u300c\u89c0\u5bdf\u300d\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u4fb7\u9650\u53ca\u7247\u9762\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u600e\u9ebc\u77e5\u9053\u96fb\u5b50\u9664\u4e86\u7c92\u5b50\u53ca\u6ce2\u52d5\u73fe\u8c61\u5916\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u7b2c\u4e09\u7a2e\u3001\u7b2c\u56db\u7a2e\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u6211\u5011\u76ee\u524d\u5c0d\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4f9d\u7136\u9084\u662f\u81ea\u5713\u5176\u8aaa\uff1f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u76f2\u9ede\u5728\u5404\u7a2e\u5b78\u79d1\u88e1\u5c64\u51fa\u4e0d\u7aae\uff0c\u8209\u4e0d\u52dd\u8209\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u7e3d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u8b49\u64da\u4f86\u8b49\u5be6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff083\uff09\u300cCircular 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